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LAKANATE OF TUNDUN: Tondo's Forgotten History (Second Part)

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  THE BROTHERS' TALE LAKAN DULAY, RAJAH MATANDA, AND RAJAH SULAYMAN II Three brothers who were children of Lakan Salalila (Rajah Sulayman I) and Dayang Ysmeria Doyly were the powerful political figures in 1500s, during the pre-colonial era of the Philippines. They were considered as the rulers of Old Manila (Lakanate of Tundun).  But their rise to power were never easy because they need to go along with a bounty of challenges as they perform their duties to the people. Not to mention, the need for solidity among brothers despite the pressure brought up by their constituents and followers. Political strife caused by contradicting interests between them and their cousin Lakan Malangsik in the early 1500s led them to use the Bruneian armada to deposed their cousin. Their success have put the two of them to the highest positions in the lakanate while one became a high-ranking military official of the Bruneian Empire. LAKAN BUNAO DULAY (1503 -1575) Also known as Lakan Bunao Dula, he was
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LAKANATE OF TUNDUN: Tondo's Forgotten History (First Part)

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  LAKANATE OF TUNDUN FLAG (LUSUNG EMPIRE 900 - 1588 AD) A REMARKABLE breakthrough in Philippine's pre-colonial history was unveiled in the Philippines when a copperplate was found in 1989 by a laborer near the mouth of the Lumbang River in Wawa, Lumban, Laguna. The plate contains inscription of what believed to be an old austronesian language written in ancient Kawi script with a combination of technically Sanskrit words, old Javanese and old Tagalog honorifics. Two years after its discovery, the text in the plate was first translated by Dutch anthropologist and Hanuno script researcher Antoon Postma in 1991. Later, this piece of artifact which is the Laguna Copperplate Inscription,  established the existence of old kingdoms, chiefdoms, and polities that existed in the Philippines and one of these settlements occupied a huge portion of the largest island of the archipelago - Luzon or Lusung. The said settlement is popularly known as the Chiefdom of Tundun with its capital city loca
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The Origin of the Filipino People

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There were so many theories about the real origins of the Filipino people. With so many theories from different scholars and academicians, most of these theories about the origins of the Filipino people raises more questions than answers. However, with the recent archaelogical discoveries and DNA testings being conducted by academic and government institutions both locally and internationally, it seems that the real Filipino origins now becomes clear.  In 2007, Filipino archaelogist Armand Salvador B. Mijares from the University of the Philippines and his team found the bones of two adults and a child from a previously unknown human-related specie now called Homo Luzonensis  and previously known as the Callao Man . In 2010, Mijares and French anthropologist Florent Detroit and their colleagues identified them as belonging to the modern humans but later on, in 2019, after the discovery of 12 new specimens and based on the apparent presence of both modern-humanlike and primitive Australo
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